Hand‑engraving on precious metals dates back at least to the 5th century BC, when artisans used hand‑pushed tools to incise decorative lines on metal. By the 3rd–4th centuries BC, Greek craftsmen were carving scenes and inscriptions on bronze mirrors andvessels, and ancient Egyptians were using simple tools to engrave shallow designs on metal. During medieval Europe, goldsmiths refined the craft, engraving intricate motifs and heraldic emblems; by the 15th century, signet rings bearing family crests were used to seal documents. The 16th‑century introduction of the hardened‑steel burin allowed finer, more precise lines, and push engraving became especially prominent from the 18th to mid‑20th century, adorning jewellery and personal items.
My engraving works continue this traditional burin technique—relying entirely on hand and wrist strength to push the graver rather than using pneumatic tools—thereby preserving the craftsmanship and tactile quality of classic hand‑engraved jewellery.